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楼主 / mapleleaves
- 时间: 2004-11-08 19:02完全NTRP标准
NATIONAL TENNIS RATING PROGRAM
Verification Guidelines
1.0
初学网球
1.5
经验有限；仍在努力维持活球（球在场内来回）状态
2.0
正手：不完全挥拍；击球缺乏方向意识
反手：避免使用反手；稳定性差；握拍有问题；挥拍不完全
发球/接发球：发球动作不完整；时常双误；抛球不稳定；接发球常失误
网前：极少上网；避免反手截击；缺乏脚部移动
风格描述：了解单双打基本站位；但经常站位错误
2.5
正手：进阶中；尝试慢节奏对打
反手：握拍以及击球准备存在问题；常用正手替代反手
发球/接发球：尝试完全挥拍；慢速的球可以发进；抛球不稳定；能接较慢的发球
网前：网前感到不适尤其是反手截击；常用正手拍面打反手位截击
特殊球：能主动放高吊球但缺乏控制；仅能碰到过顶球
风格描述：能慢速对打；场地覆盖能力弱；双打站位呆板
3.0
正手：较好的稳定性及方向感；缺乏击球深度控制
反手：击球准备良好；开始打出中速稳定的击球
发球/接发球：发球节奏感提高；大力发球稳定性差；二发明显慢于一发；接发球比较稳定
网前：正手截击稳定；反手截击不稳定；难以处理低球与大角度球
特殊球：能打出稳定的中速高吊球
风格描述：稳定的中速对打；双打构成仍然是一前一后；机械的上网且缺乏杀伤力
3.5
正手：打出中速稳定富有变化的击球；良好的击球方向控制；上旋球能力提高
反手：中速球能控制方向；难以处理高球与快速球
发球/接发球：开始控制和加力；上旋发球能力提高；接中速发球稳定且能控制回球方向
网前：更多的网前进攻能力；对于大角度球有一定覆盖能力；正确的脚步移动；正手截击稳定；反手截击有一定控制但防御能力差；难以对付对方截击球
特殊球：稳定的追到并回击过顶球；击打随击球，小球，半截击球能力提高；能把大多数的二发接回到理想位置
风格描述：稳定控制中速球；场地覆盖能力提高；寻求上网机会；双打配合能力提高
4.0
正手：可依赖的；打出稳定的中速深球；即便处于劣势也可能打出好球
反手：对付中速来球稳定且回球有深度；上旋球进阶
发球/接发球：一发和二发皆能控制方向；一发有力；使用旋转发球；接发球可依靠的；单打接发球有深度，双打接发球富有变化
网前：正手截击控制能力且有深度；反手截击基本稳定但缺乏深度；对付身体两边大角度球及低球的能力有所提高
特殊球：对于容易的过顶球能直接击打；双打中能抢网；随球上网；开始打出致胜球；能打击对手的弱点；有意识的打出进攻高吊球；可靠的回发球
风格描述：中速落地球的稳定性、方向、深度均值得依靠；好球所占比重不多；双打配合明显；对打依然会由于失去耐心而失误
4.5
正手：非常值得依赖；有效使用速度和旋转；良好的深度控制；尝试劣势下大力回球；中速球有攻击性
反手：能控制方向和深度但在受迫时会失误；中速下能打出有力击球
发球/接发球：进攻性的发球并很少双误；使用力量和旋转；二发常具有深度和良好落点；常有效的接大力发球；双打时能降低球速提高成功率
网前：连续截击能力；步伐良好；反手截击方向深度控制良好；控制打点能力提高；失误原因多是因为大力击球造成
特殊球：随击球有良好的深度和控制；持续的截击和回过顶球至底线；常有效的接回大力发球
风格描述：比赛中试图打出多样化击球；击球速度提高；妥善避开自身弱点；开始根据对手设计比赛计划；双打中网前具有进攻性；良好判断；开始控制速度节奏
5.0
正手：大力击球且仍保持控制、深度和旋转；利用正手取得进攻优势；打点精良；挥击球有力
反手：能利用反手打出稳定的进攻球；多数情况下方向和深度控制良好；旋转多样
发球/接发球：有效的发到对手弱点或为进攻奠定基础；有值得依赖的发球变化；二发深度、旋转、落点控制绝佳导致对手回球软弱或为自己进攻做设计；接发球有良好控制、深度和旋转，并能根据情况选择大力进攻或减速
网前：大多截击有深度、旋转和方向控制；对付难打的球依然能截出深度；只要有机会，常能截击出致胜球
特殊球：随击球和挥击球均能高度有效的打出速度；进攻性高吊球；任何位置能回击过顶球；中场截击稳定；接发球按需要进攻或减速
风格描述：常有精彩的击球或应变；能根据对手情况拟订战术目标；该选手具备了“比赛智慧”，随着经验的增加，他“自己击败自己”的情况少于4.5的选手；输掉比赛的原因相对于5.5的选手常常是因为精神和体力不支；双打显现出强大的配合
5.5
该选手已经能在比赛中受迫情况下打出可靠的好球；已经建立完善的技术风格；能从对手的抛球、站位、拉拍、准备动作中获得判断；一发二发在受迫情况下皆能正常发挥；任何时候击球都具有攻击性；能分析对手弱点；已经把力量或稳定变成主要武器；善于在比赛中运用各种战术
6.0到7.0
这类选手已经不需要NTRP级别标准，他们自己对自己的描述是排名或以往排名
6.0的选手一般经历过国内初级比赛或大学联赛的强化训练，并具有地区或国内排名
6.5的选手非常有可能上升为7.0级别，他们具有广泛的卫星赛经验
7.0的选手是国际级别的选手他们参加的是国际大赛且收入来源是这些比赛的奖金 -
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- 时间: 2005-2-15 11:47对于球员球技程度的描述，从甲、乙组到高级、中级、初级不一而足，但最细化的当属 美国网球协会在1979年制定的，把学员水平由低到高分成的从1.0到7.0的全国网球分级 活动（NTRP）。
详细解读一下一个球员的 成长所要经历的各个阶段。提醒大家注意的是，这是个在比赛的环境下才能成立的体系 ，一切都是以球员在比赛中的表现作为依据。
1.0才开始打网球 这个不需任何解释。
1.5经验有限，主要仍在锻炼把球维持在界线内。 从这里我们就可以知道，为什么好多 人一开始打球总是打不到界内，因为他们控制不了自己击球所需的力量。
2.0需要场上的经验。有明显的击球弱点，但对单打与双打的基本位置尚熟悉。 这里说 的场上经验就是比赛的经验，有明显的击球弱点，就是非常显著的技术缺陷。比如反手 不知道怎么打，那么只要一有反手位的球，基本就是失误。
2.5 学会判断来球的方向，但防守尚弱。能够与同程度的选手做短暂的慢速对打。 到了这个级别，球的判断才基本没有问题，也可以说还有一点问题。所以基本上对手稍微快速一点的击球就更失去防守的能力。而“能够和同程度的选手做短暂的慢速对打”，这里希望大家注意的是：一，同程度的选手：就是同样处在对球的判断刚刚才没有问题的对手；二，短暂的：因为大家对球的控制能力都很差所以只能打两三个回合；三，慢速对打：在这里我们可以解释为什么好多业余球手平时打得很快，却在比赛中只能打得很慢，因为他们的能力决定了他们最多只能做到这样。而这里的对打因为是比赛中的对打 ，应该可以理解从底线到底线的对打。
3.0打中等球速的球相当稳定，但对各式击球尚未能自在，并且在方向、深度或力量上都 缺乏控制性。大部分的双打阵型为一前一后。 在这里我们应该注意到稳定是一个重要的 指标。对于各项技术的粗浅认识和练习的缺乏，使他们的控制性非常差。
3.5 击球的稳定度已提升，对于中速度球能掌握方向的控制，但仍然缺乏深度和变化性。开始展现较具侵略性的网前打法，球场的防守仍在进步中，双打时能和对手配合作战。对球的方向的控制是先于深度达成的，而变化性说的是球的左右深浅的合理的搭配。有了一定的网前技术是3.5级的一个重要标志，而防守能力的提高也是稳定性提高的一个方 面。
4.0拥有可靠的击球动作，包括控制中速度的正、反拍方向，而且也有能力打好高吊球（ LOB）、头顶高球（OVERHEAD）、随球上网（APPROACH SHOT）和截击（VOLLEY）。偶而能以发球迫使对方失误，双打时与搭档间有明确的团体合作关系。对抽（RALLY）时可能 因耐心不足丢分。注意“可靠”这两个字，说起来简单但需要相当多时间的练习才能达 到，而网球前场球的能力更是这个级别选手的特点。对抽时的失误已经主要不是技术的问题，而是心理的问题。
4.5开始精通力量和旋转的应用，而且开始能应对球速，步法稳健，能够控制击球的深度，而且开始能按照对手的不同而改变打法。能很有威力且精确地发第一发球，并适当地控制第二发球的落点。对于困难地击球有打得过重的倾向。双打时经常展现侵略性的网 前打法。到了4.5这个级别，球员才开始“精通力量和旋转的应用”，简单地说就是能根据不同的情况来用不同的力量和旋转以达到最佳的效果。开始能应对球速的意思是能根据不同的来球的速度来作出合理的回球，换句话说防守能力已经又有了提高。而一发 有威力和精确，二发有落点，说明他们的发球已经有了一定的功力。
5.0 有良好的预测能力，经常可以击出好球，击球的稳定性非常高。对于短球有一再打出致胜球或迫使对手造成失误的能力，能打出有力的截击，成功打出高吊球、放小球（DR OP SHOT）、半截击，并有高压球的能力，而且大部分的第二发球可以发出良好的深度和旋转。只有这个级别的选手才开始具有预测能力，所谓预测能力就是对对手击球判断到确定的时间的提前，是完全基于选手对对手击球习惯的掌握，对在球场各种位置击球可能性的熟悉，和对对手击球时拍面情况的仔细观察所综合出来的，主要是来自比赛经验的一种能力。有了预测能力不仅可以提高进攻能力，当然也可以提高防守能力。网前的杀伤力把他们和低级别的选手分开。而技术无一不通也是5.0球手的特点。
5.5威力和/或稳定性已成为一项主要武器。能在比赛中改变策略和球风，并在有压力的 情况下打出可靠的击球。 在经历了以上的一系列的提高后，终于威力和/或稳定性已成为一项主要武器。“或”的意思就是不一定两者兼修，专修一门完全也可以成为顶尖的业余球手。而这里的改变策略和球风就是说能成功地运用战术。压力下击球的能力说明 5.5的心理能力是前面级别选手所不可企及的。
6.0及7. 0一般而言，此级的程度并不需要NTRP分级。在这一级内或以上的水准是不言而 喻的。6.0的球员已经获得区域性或全国性的排名，6.5的球员有广泛的卫星赛的经验。
7.0的球员可靠比赛的奖金维生。 这里说到的对应我们国家来讲就是省队的队员，他们 一般都是6.0，也许可以解释为什么他们还是让业余的高手们感觉到没有那么厉害。国内 能称得上6.5的就是朱本强等为数不多的几个选手了，也许郑洁能成为女子的第一个7.0 吧。
通读NTRP的分级表我们大概可以看出一个网球选手的成长经历，这样我们才能走出不知 不觉所陷入的几个误区：
1，打得快才对的误区。如果你是初学网球，只能打快完全是因为你控制不了的话，那么一旦你打得多了，就要注意去控制球了。其实初学网球不妨多在网前打打小场，只有 打得了慢球有来回，你才能更有效率地练习和循序渐进的提高。 2，此快就是彼快的误区。有点力量的业余球员打了一两年网球就马上觉得自己打的快就是4.5的快，往往有意无意地忽略自己击球动作的可靠性。4.0级所具有的可靠的击球动作就是说你的击球动作不但合理而且在比赛中还不变形。你可以吗？而且打得了快球打不了慢球更可能就是你的致命伤，不难想象你在比赛中打前场软球时只是在不断地击 球出界，把大好得分机会断送的场面。 3，盲目给自己向上加级的误区。好多连正式比赛都没打过的球员给自己定3.0、4.0本身就很可笑，虽然能满足自己一时的虚荣心，到头来逃不了遭人耻笑，在球场上遭人羞 辱的命运。
4，关于稳定性理解的误区。好多初级球手由于在底线对抽时很少有来回，所以会倾向于把稳定的击球理解为自己把对方喂过来的“一个”来球“稳定”地打过网。而不是分级表要说的比赛中持续地把球打回去的概念，如果能说得上稳定的话最起码也要有十个来回吧。才具备了判断球能力的2.5还谈不上稳定性，而稳定性比较高的意思是几乎在没 有压力的情况下不会击球下网和出界。 -
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- 时间: 2005-4-14 18:50Complete NTRP Scale
NATIONAL TENNIS RATING PROGRAM
Verification Guidelines
Specific Characteristics of Various Playing Levels
Please note: You must get rated by an official NTRP verifier in order to participate in U.S. Tennis Association leagues
1.0
This player is just starting to play tennis
1.5
This player has limited experience and is still working primarily on getting the ball into play
2.0
FOREHAND: Incomplete swing; lacks directional intent
BACKHAND: Avoids backhands; erratic contact; grip problems; incomplete swing
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Incomplete service motion; double faults common; toss is inconsistent; return of serve erratic
VOLLEY: Reluctant to play net; avoids BH; lacks footwork
PLAYING STYLE: Familiar with basic positions for singles and doubles play; frequently out of position
2.5
FOREHAND: Form developing; prepared for moderately paced shots
BACKHAND: Grip and preparation problems; often chooses to hit FH instead of BH
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Attempting a full swing; can get the ball in play at slow pace; inconsistent toss; can return slow paced serve
VOLLEY: Uncomfortable at net especially on the BH side; frequently uses FH racket face on BH volleys
SPECIAL SHOTS: Can lob intentionally but with little control; can make contact on overheads
PLAYING STYLE: Can sustain a short rally of slow pace; weak court coverage; usually remains in the initial doubles position
3.0
FOREHAND: Fairly consistent with some directional intent; lacks depth control
BACKHAND: Frequently prepared; starting to hit with fair consistency on moderate shots
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Developing rhythm; little consistency when trying for power; second serve is often considerably slower than first serve; can return serve with fair consistency
VOLLEY: Consistent FH volley; inconsistent BH volley, has trouble with low and wide shots
SPECIAL SHOTS: Can lob consistently on moderate shots
PLAYING STYLE: Consistent on medium-paced shots; most common doubles formation is still one-up, one-back; approaches net when play dictates but weak in execution
3.5
FOREHAND: Good consistency and variety on moderate shots; good directional control; developing spin
BACKHAND: Hitting with directional control on moderate shots; has difficulty on high or hard shots; returns difficult shot defensively
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Starting to serve with control and some power; developing spin; can return serve consistently with directional control on moderate shots
VOLLEY: More aggressive net play; some ability to cover side shots; uses proper footwork; can direct FH volleys; controls BH volley but with little offense; difficulty in putting volleys away
SPECIAL SHOTS: Consistent overhead on shots within reach; developing approach shots, drop shots; and half volleys; can place the return of most second serves
PLAYING STYLE: Consistency on moderate shots with directional control; improved court coverage; starting to look for the opportunity to come to the net; developing teamwork in doubles
4.0
FOREHAND: Dependable; hits with depth and control on moderate shots; may try to hit too good a placement on a difficult shot
BACKHAND: Player can direct the ball with consistency and depth on moderate shots; developing spin
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Places both first and second serves; frequent power on first serve; uses spin; dependable return of serve; can return with depth in singles and mix returns in doubles
VOLLEY: Depth and control on FH volley; can direct BH volleys but usually lacks depth; developing wide and low volleys on both sides of the body
SPECIAL SHOTS: Can put away easy overheads; can poach in doubles; follows aggressive shots to the net; beginning to finish point off; can hit to opponent's weaknesses; able to lob defensively on setups; dependable return of serve
PLAYING STYLE: Dependable ground strokes with directional control and depth demonstrated on moderate shots; not yet playing good percentage tennis; teamwork in doubles is evident; rallies may still be lost due to impatience
4.5
FOREHAND: Very dependable; uses speed and spin effectively; controls depth well; tends to overhit on difficult shots; offensive on moderate shots
BACKHAND: Can control direction and depth but may break down under pressure; can hit power on moderate shots
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Aggressive serving with limited double faults; uses power and spin; developing offense; on second serve frequently hits with good depth and placement; frequently hits aggressive service returns; can take pace off with moderate success in doubles
VOLLEY: Can handle a mixed sequence of volleys; good footwork; has depth and directional control on BH; developing touch; most common error is still overhitting
SPECIAL SHOTS: Approach shots hit with good depth and control; can consistently hit volleys and overheads to end the point; frequently hits aggressive service returns
PLAYING STYLE: More intentional variety in game; is hitting with more pace; covers up weaknesses well; beginning to vary game plan according to opponent; aggressive net play is common in doubles; good anticipation; beginning to handle pace
5.0
FOREHAND: Strong shot with control, depth, and spin; uses FH to set up offensive situations; has developed good touch; consistent on passing shots
BACKHAND: Can use BH as an aggressive shot with good consistency; has good direction and depth on most shots; varies spin
SERVE/RETURN OF SERVE: Serve is placed effectively with the intent of hitting to a weakness or developing an offensive situation; has a variety of serves to rely on; good depth, spin, and placement on most second serves to force weak return or set up next shot; can mix aggressive and off-paced service returns with control, depth, and spin
VOLLEY: Can hit most volleys with depth, pace, and direction; plays difficult volleys with depth; given opportunity, volley is often hit for a winner
SPECIAL SHOTS: Approach shots and passing shots are hit with pace and a high degree of effectiveness; can lob offensively; overhead can be hit from any position; hits mid-court volley with consistency; can mix aggressive and off-paced service returns
PLAYING STYLE: Frequently has an outstanding shot or attribute around which his game is built; can vary game plan according to opponent; this player is 'match wise,' plays percentage tennis, and 'beats himself' less than the 4.5 player; solid teamwork in doubles is evident; game breaks down mentally and physically more often than the 5.5 player
5.5
This player can hit dependable shots in stress situations; has developed good anticipation; can pick up cues from such things as opponent's toss, body position, backswing, preparation; first and second serves can be depended on in stress situations and can be hit offensively at any time; can analyze and exploit opponent's weaknesses; has developed power and /or consistency as a major weapon; can vary strategies and style of play in a competitive situation.
6.0 to 7.0
These players will generally not need NTRP ratings. Rankings or past rankings will speak for themselves. The 6.0 player typically has had intensive training for national tournament competition at the junior level and collegiate levels and has obtained a sectional and/or national ranking. The 6.5 player has a reasonable chance of succeeding at the 7.0 level and has extensive satellite tournament experience. The 7.0 is a world class player who is committed to tournament competition on the international level and whose major source of income is tournament prize winnings.
网球分级标准（NTRP标准） ZT
