One of the most common conceptualizations of goal orientation is the three factor model [15]. That is, individuals can be described in terms of goal orientation based on three factors:
mastery,
performance-approach, and
performance-avoid.
Individuals with a mastery goal orientation seek challenging tasks and value learning. Highly performance-approach oriented individuals seek tasks that allow them to demonstrate the skills they already possess, and highly performance-avoidant tend to avoid tasks where they may fail and thus appear incompetent.