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Stated motives[edit]
Support of Israel by United States[edit]
In his November 2002 "Letter to America", Bin Laden described the United States' support of Israel as a motivation:
The expansion of Israel is one of the greatest crimes, and you are the leaders of its criminals. And of course there is no need to explain and prove the degree of American support for Israel. The creation of Israel is a crime which must be erased. Each and every person whose hands have become polluted in the contribution towards this crime must pay its price, and pay for it heavily.[16]
In 2004 and 2010, Bin Laden again repeated the connection between the September 11 attacks and the support of Israel by the United States.
[17][18] Support of Israel was also mentioned before the attack in the 1998
Al-Qaeda fatwa:
[T]he aim [of the United States] is also to serve the Jews' petty state and divert attention from its occupation of Jerusalem and murder of Muslims there. The best proof of this is their eagerness to destroy Iraq, the strongest neighboring Arab state, and their endeavor to fragment all the states of the region such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Sudan into paper statelets and through their disunion and weakness to guarantee Israel's survival and the continuation of the brutal crusade occupation of the Peninsula.[4]
American immorality[edit]
In the above-mentioned 2002 "Letter To America", Bin Laden laments the immoral behavior that has become the norm in the United States as a motivating factor in his decision to launch the attacks:
The second thing we call you to, is to stop your oppression, lies, immorality and debauchery that has spread among you. (a) We call you to be a people of manners, principles, honour, and purity; to reject the immoral acts of fornication, homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling's, and trading with interest.[16]
Sanctions imposed against Iraq[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
United Nations Security Council Resolution 661
In the
1998 fatwa, Al Qaeda identified the Iraq sanctions as a reason to kill Americans:
despite the great devastation inflicted on the Iraqi people by the crusader-Zionist alliance, and despite the huge number of those killed, which has exceeded 1 million ... despite all this, the Americans are once against trying to repeat the horrific massacres, as though they are not content with the protracted blockade imposed after the ferocious war or the fragmentation and devastation. ... On that basis, and in compliance with Allah's order, we issue the following fatwa to all Muslims: The ruling to kill the Americans and their allies—civilians and military—is an individual duty for every Muslim ...[20][21]
Presence of US military in Saudi Arabia[edit]
Since Saudi Arabia houses the holiest sites in
Islam (
Mecca and
Medina), many Muslims were upset at the permanent military presence. The continued presence of US troops after the Gulf War in Saudi Arabia was one of the stated motivations behind the September 11th attacks
[23] and the
Khobar Towers bombing. Further, the date chosen for the
1998 United States embassy bombings (August 7) was eight years to the day that American troops were sent to Saudi Arabia.
[24] Bin Laden interpreted
Muhammad as banning the "permanent presence of infidels in Arabia".
[25]In 1996, Bin Laden issued a fatwa calling for
American troops to get out of
Saudi Arabia. In the 1998 fatwa, Al-Qaeda wrote: "for over seven years the United States has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbors, and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighboring Muslim peoples."
[20] In the December 1999 interview with
Rahimullah Yusufzai, bin Laden said he felt that Americans were "too near to
Mecca" and considered this a provocation to the entire Muslim world.
[26]