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If a piece of rock，of anything else，one inch in diameter were magnified to the size of the earth，its constituent19 atoms would become about the size of tennis balls．

　　如果把直径为1英寸的一块岩石或一块别的什么东西放大到地球那样大，那么它的组成原子大约会变成网球那么大。(ofanythingdse前后有逗号，是非限定性定语，修饰apiece。)　

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With the invention of the electromagnetic generator18 in the latter part of the nineteenth century，it became possible to convent the energy of burning fuel to electricity which could then be　transmitted to distant points for Use．

　　19世纪末叶，由于发明了电磁发电机，从而有可能把燃烧燃料而获得的能量转变为电能，然后再输送到遥远的地区使用。(convent．．．to．．·，把……转变为……。)

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Scientists in the U．S. , Western Europe and Japan are pushing hard toward astill much-in-the-future optical computer that uses photons rather than electrons for number-crunching efficiency．

　　美国、西欧和日本的科学家们正在全力以赴地研制那种更富光明前景的光子计算机，该机将利用光子而不是电子来提高数据处理的效率。(use．．．for．．，用……来……)

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For an ltalian contemplating16 anything from paying his taxes to getting a peddler''s license17　or collecting an old age pension，the nation''s million-man bureaucracy is a nightmare。

　　对意大利人来说，无论打算做什么事，从纳税到申请零售商执照或领取老年人的退休金， 全国上百万个官僚主义者真令人不寒而栗。(For．．。pension介词短语是nightmare“恶梦”要 求的。例：It was a nightmare for me。from...to...pension作定语修饰anything。)

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Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely15 proportional to the square of the distance between them．　

宇宙中每一物体都以一引力吸引另外的每一物体，该引力与两物体质量的乘积成正比，而与两物体之间的距离平方成反比。(with a force．．．是状语，说明attracts。directly proponional　to．．，“与……成正比”；inversely proportional to．．，“与……成反比”。这两个形容词短语用来说明force。)

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Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulation14 of chemical facts；and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，upon verification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。

　　化学有两个主要方面：叙述性化学，即化学事实的发现和制表；理论化学，即对化学理论的系统阐述，根据验证把化学事实统一起来，从而归纳成一个体系。(the discovery．．．facts是descriptive chemistry的同位语，the formulation．．．a system是theoretical chemistry的同位语，其中that引出定语从句，upon verification用作状语。)

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The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the government officials to the ordinary citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their　work。

　　第二方面涉及从政府官员到普通公民等所有社会成员运用科学家在工作中所用的思维和行动的特定方法。(from．。．to．．．作非限定性定语修饰members。by和of所引导的两个介词短语均修饰the application，of．．．短语被两个介词短语分隔开了。)

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The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusion that the earth must be a magnet，　with the space all around it constituting a huge magnetic field．

　　指南针指向南北方向这一事实可导出这样的结论：地球必定是一个磁体，地球周围的所有空间构成了一个巨大的磁场。(句中两个that引导的都是同位语从句。with．．．field是分词复合结构，起补充说明作用。)

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If we could go on an imaginary journey from the surface to the centre of a star such as the Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure．

　　如果我们能从像太阳这样的恒星的表面到其中心作一次想像的旅行，我们会发现温度和压力将持续不断地增加。(from．．．to．．．the Sun用作定语，修饰journey。

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An object with at least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially while the obiect is coming to thermal12 equilibrium13 may be used as a temperature-measuring device，or thermometer．

　　当一种物质进入热平衡时，至少具有一种变化显著因而易于测量的特性，这种物质可用来作为测温装置，即温度计。(with一．equilibrium用作定语，修饰An object。)