Following Jean-Paul Sartre, existentialism can provide an answer to the feelings of alienation, angst, and uncertainty that follow the realization of one’s thrownness into existence. The existentialist response focuses on authenticity, the embodiment of the individual who is completely free to create for himself his own meaningful life based on his own decisions, thereby making him a unique individual. The authentic individual is one who can at the same time acknowledge that he is a creature thrust forward into existence without a choice and realize that he is a creator who can project himself into the future with the ability to create his own self-identity. Although his past is given and cannot be changed (what existentialism calls the facticity of one’s being), the human being can take a stance toward his past, which helps him shape his identity as he projects himself into the future.
For Sartre, the philosophical view, starting from Aristotle, that the nature of the human being includes a definitive, objective essence that provides the function or purpose, and hence meaning, of one’s life, is mistaken. Instead, the opposite holds true: “Existence precedes essence.” The human being is thrust forward into existence at birth without a given essence, without a purpose or meaning in life. Once he comes into existence, he must decide for himself who he is—what beliefs, goals, projects, and values make him a unique individual. With this freedom to choose for himself, the human being has both the power to define his selfhood and the responsibility to be held accountable for all of his decisions. Regardless of the consequences of one’s actions and decisions, the individual must accept responsibility for them, which makes one’s freedom so radical that it seems more like a curse than a blessing. As Sartre puts it, “Man is condemned to be free. "
Many people, however, refuse to acknowledge that they are unique individuals who have radical freedom and radical responsibility. Such people fail to create their own self-identities and so fail to become authentic individuals. They are thrown into existence as beings-in-the-world and live in ignorance, or bad faith, of the fact that they are living an inauthentic life. Their bad faith is strengthened by their conformity with what Sartre calls the crowd, what Søren Kierkegaard calls the public, and what Friedrich Nietzsche call s the herd—the col ection of human beings who form a nonindividual group mentality by fol owing the beliefs, views, projects, etc. of one another. Each person hides from the freedom and responsibility that he has by nestling himself in the comfort and security of belonging with the others, anyone who is external to one’s individuality. Those living in bad faith thus avoid the existential challenge entirely by fol owing the steps and routines of the crowd.
from The Philosophy of Science Fiction Film edited by Steven Sanders
The human being is thrust forward into existence at birth without a given essence, without a purpose or meaning in life. Once he comes into existence, he must decide for himself who he is—what beliefs, goals, projects, and values make him a unique individual. With this freedom to choose for himself, the human being has both the power to define his selfhood and the responsibility to be held accountable for all of his decisions.
The human being is thrust forward into existence at birth without a given essence, without a purpose or meaning in life. Once he comes into existence, he must decide for himself who he is—what beliefs, goals, projects, and values make him a unique individual. With this freedom to choose for himself, the human being has both the power to define his selfhood and the responsibility to be held accountable for all of his decisions.
The human being is thrust forward into existence at birth without a given essence, without a purpose or meaning in life. Once he comes into existence, he must decide for himself who he is—what beliefs, goals, projects, and values make him a unique individual. With this freedom to choose for himself, the human being has both the power to define his selfhood and the responsibility to be held accountable for all of his decisions.
罵的這段話的精髓在於薩特說的“Man is condemned to be free. "， Regardless of the consequences of one’s actions and decisions, the individual must accept responsibility for them, which makes one’s freedom so radical that it seems more like a curse than a blessing.
而且，即使你覺得小毛驢只是開開心心的拉磨，其實，那只是作者說的Many people, however, refuse to acknowledge that they are unique individuals who have radical freedom and radical responsibility. 也就是薩特說的the crowd.
The human being is thrust forward into existence at birth without a given essence, without a purpose or meaning in life. Once he comes into existence, he must decide for himself who he is—what beliefs, goals, projects, and values make him a unique individual. With this freedom to choose for himself, the human being has both the power to define his selfhood and the responsibility to be held accountable for all of his decisions.
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