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The son of Chinese Communist veteran
Xi Zhongxun, he was exiled to rural
Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the
Cultural Revolution, and lived in a
Yaodong in the village of Liangjiahe, where he joined the CCP and worked as the party secretary. After studying
chemical engineering at
Tsinghua University as a "
Worker-Peasant-Soldier student", Xi rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was Governor of
Fujian from 1999 to 2002, before becoming Governor and
Party Secretary of neighbouring
Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following the dismissal of the Party Secretary of Shanghai,
Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He subsequently joined the
Politburo Standing Committee of the CCP and served as first secretary of the
Central Secretariat in October 2007. In 2008 he was designated as
Hu Jintao's presumed
successor as paramount leader; to that end, Xi was appointed
Vice President of the People's Republic of China and
Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission. He officially received the title of "
leadership core" from the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2016. Xi has also been a member of the 17th, 18th, 19th CCP Politburo Standing Committee since 2007. In 2018, he abolished presidential
term limits.